Calories in 5 Oz Beef Steak
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite film characters to life, The Magician of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald drape and the Technicolor gloss of an astonishing fantasy world.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the picture, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and learn more about the secrets and fun facts that make the beloved motion picture a timeless archetype.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Film
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of L. Frank Baum'south Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a function in the 1939 picture show adaptation. Hamilton chosen her amanuensis to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single female parent, fought MGM for an agreed upon corporeality of guaranteed work time. Three days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-calendar week bargain. In the end, Hamilton was on gear up for 3 months, only many of her scenes were cut for beingness too scary for audiences.
Dorothy'southward Original Look Was More Movie Star Than Farm Girl
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't demand prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't hateful Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was immature at the time, the 16-year-old Garland had to wear a corset-like device then she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (equally whatever preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to exist herself. Smart movement.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Corking Pic Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of peachy film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies to a higher place the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in black fume.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special furnishings team spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from beneath. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — W Westward W."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch's final-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than breathy toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It'due south really 100% industrial-class chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was all the same Hollywood's preferred choice for faux snow. Our communication to Dorothy? Don't take hold of any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Effectually for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more ways than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Tin Homo's aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of bug for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was improve than Ebsen'south, he still had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven blueprint that mimicked the look of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more than than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Fix
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the second take, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor every bit planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face. To make matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an fifty-fifty more than painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're called in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost as scary as the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature rubber monkeys to aid populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cut Room Flooring
To no one's surprise, the American Motion picture Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Just what may surprise you lot? The (arguably) most iconic song of Judy Garland'southward career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM idea the song made the Kansas scenes too long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathize the song's pregnant. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cut room floor.
The Tin can Human being Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Like shooting fish in a barrel
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't accept it piece of cake either. From the lingering concerns nigh the aluminum paste-based makeup on his confront and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin can" torso and artillery, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was then stiff that he had to lean against a board to residue properly. Many years later on, player Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned issue with his rigid costume. Information technology seems even fantasy and sci-fi tin't assist folks escape all their issues.
The Original Tin can Human Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. Yet, Ebsen'south new graphic symbol, the Tin Homo, acquired him a world of issues. Namely, the character's silver makeup contained a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To brand matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the infirmary. MGM recast the function with Jack Haley (and inverse up the makeup), just didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the last moving picture, his vocals tin can be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special effects that really hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-human foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects team spun information technology around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale business firm, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is just a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers and so reversed the footage to make it look like the firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has always been an issue in Hollywood. For case, Adriana Caselotti, vocalisation of the titular character in Walt Disney'southward Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her functioning. The picture went on to make roughly $8 million.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti'due south — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but it withal didn't reverberate the moving-picture show's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $50 per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week every bit Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the actual lion used in the studio's title menu — as the cowardly grapheme. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animate being, the filmmakers decided to bandage player Bert Lahr equally the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing animal, the costume section fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from existent lion skin. However, the arc lights used on set up made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his graphic symbol'due south nerves. Each night, two stagehands dried the costume for the adjacent day.
The Initial Box Part Returns Were Uneven
The film started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'due south nearly $l million adapted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie just earned $iii million at the box part — well-nigh $51.8 million by today'southward standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era movie, remember that Disney fabricated $eight one thousand thousand with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Sorcerer of Oz's pocket-size success in the U.S. barely covered production and motion picture rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — only success overseas fortunately bolstered the film's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Besides"
Judy Garland was merely 16 years old when she was bandage as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to immature actors to help them sleep afterward studios shot them up with adrenaline then they could piece of work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. According to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more than their 'belongings.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Voice of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years earlier The Sorcerer of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated film Snowfall White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hit. Not only did the motion picture revolutionize the animation industry, information technology also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — then the most successful picture show of all time — with an adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, simply MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snowfall White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Man's "If I Just Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore fine art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the book, Dorothy'southward iconic footwear was originally silverish, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red colour would really popular in glorious Technicolor. Designed past MGM'southward chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in nearly 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History. Since the brandish is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug in that location several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota'due south Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Just One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype run a risk story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas subcontract to some other world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these scenic locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
As was customary at the fourth dimension, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making information technology possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the most honey dogs in movie history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin can Human spouts out all of that steam.
Later on one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through 2 doubles to discover i that resembled the original canine thespian more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so fond of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In addition to beingness a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton likewise believed her character was more than merely your run-of-the-manufacturing plant evil villain. More than 35 years after the pic debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'southward costume to show kids it was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her virtually the character.
According to Hamilton, the and then-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, but she was as well a sad, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly plenty, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch's character.
The "Equus caballus of a Different Color" Was Fabricated Possible Thanks to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were just as amazed as Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin Human and the Cowardly Lion when the equus caballus in Emerald Metropolis took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a dissimilar color" was made possible cheers to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to colour the horses, which meant filmmakers had to movement quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the but interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-fatigued wagon was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Section Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flight monkeys, so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in social club to requite life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM chosen upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Well-nigh actors had to arrive earlier five:00 in the morn — half-dozen days a week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Often Misquoted) Lines Fill the Film
The motion picture is brimming-total of iconic, memorable songs, and information technology has the great fortune of existence responsible for some of the most quoted lines in movie history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Picture show Lines" and placed a whopping three of the pic'southward lines on the listing.
"Pay no attending to that homo behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There's no place similar domicile" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I have a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch's Burn Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Like the "horse of a unlike colour" sequence, some other iconic, special furnishings-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Before long after Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the carmine slippers from the immature girl'southward feet. However, burn strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is really apple tree juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up prune to arrive look more flame-like.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and office problem-solving for filmmakers. In guild to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which oftentimes heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Afterwards the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, peculiarly in colorized grade. For case, the white part of Dorothy's dress is really pink — simply because information technology filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited about? It's really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More Than One Appearance
Office of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young daughter dropped a firm on her sis, the Wicked Witch of the E, who was the short-lived possessor of the ruby slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an befuddled Dorothy looks out her sleeping room window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the cherry-red slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cutting Downwards Several Times
The get-go cut of the film clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nix past today's Marvel moving-picture show standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (superlative right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterwards, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Homo becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton's Wicked Witch of the W functioning as well frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. Only not everyone idea her operation was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'due south nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the movie'due south starring foes were actually friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wear it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press bout the twenty-four hours of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences past Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes it seem equally though the entire flick was shot in colour. Was this done deliberately, or was information technology a minor syntactical faux pas?
It's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to enhance the surprise of the picture turning into full three-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters fabricated at the time of the film'southward debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "blackness-and-white"), adding acceptance to this theory.
I of History's Virtually-Watched Films
Although The Wizard of Oz proved pop in theaters, some other film released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (Y'all may have heard of that little movie — it'due south called Gone with the Air current.) Withal, MGM'south musical fantasy may have more staying power than other films of the era, thank you in part to re-releases.
The film was first broadcast on television on November 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. Information technology's believed that The Wizard of Oz is ane of the 10 nigh-watched characteristic-length movies in motion-picture show history, largely due to the number of almanac tv set screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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